How to Keep Pets Safe in Heat

As global temperatures rise and heatwaves become more frequent and intense, ensuring the safety of our pets during hot weather has never been more critical. Unlike humans, dogs, cats, birds, rabbits, and other companion animals cannot regulate their body temperature as efficiently. They rely on limited cooling mechanisms—primarily panting, sweating through paw pads, and behavioral adaptations like seeking shade. When exposed to extreme heat, pets are at serious risk of heat exhaustion, heatstroke, dehydration, and even death. Many pet owners underestimate how quickly a hot car, a sunny balcony, or a concrete backyard can turn deadly. This comprehensive guide provides actionable, science-backed strategies to protect your pets from the dangers of high temperatures. Whether you live in a desert climate or simply experience a summer heatwave, understanding how to keep pets safe in heat can mean the difference between life and death.

Step-by-Step Guide

1. Recognize the Signs of Heat Stress in Pets

Before you can prevent heat-related illness, you must be able to identify it. The symptoms of heat stress vary slightly by species but generally follow a predictable progression:

• Early signs: Excessive panting, drooling, rapid breathing, restlessness, and seeking cool surfaces
• Moderate signs: Bright red gums or tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, stumbling, and elevated body temperature (above 103°F / 39.4°C)
• Severe signs: Collapse, seizures, unconsciousness, and blue or pale gums—indicating oxygen deprivation

Dogs are especially vulnerable due to their thick fur and reliance on panting. Brachycephalic breeds—such as Bulldogs, Pugs, and Shih Tzus—have shortened airways that make panting less effective, putting them at higher risk even at moderate temperatures. Cats may hide signs of distress until it’s too late, so subtle changes in behavior, such as reduced grooming or refusal to eat, should raise red flags. Birds and small mammals like rabbits and guinea pigs may appear lethargic, breathe with their mouths open, or hold their ears flat against their bodies to dissipate heat.

2. Never Leave Pets in Vehicles

One of the most common—and deadly—mistakes pet owners make is leaving their animals in parked cars. Even on a mild 70°F (21°C) day, the interior of a car can reach 104°F (40°C) within 30 minutes. On a 85°F (29°C) day, temperatures inside a vehicle can climb to 120°F (49°C) in under an hour. This happens because glass traps heat, turning the car into a greenhouse. Pets left in these environments can suffer organ failure or die within minutes.

Never assume cracking the windows or parking in the shade is enough. Heat builds rapidly and unpredictably. If you must run an errand and cannot bring your pet inside, leave them at home. If you see a pet trapped in a hot vehicle, note the car’s make, model, license plate, and location, and contact local authorities immediately. In many jurisdictions, bystanders are legally protected under “Good Samaritan” laws if they break a window to rescue an animal in distress.

3. Adjust Walk Times to Avoid Peak Heat

Walking your dog during the hottest parts of the day—typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.—can lead to burned paw pads and heat exhaustion. Asphalt, concrete, and pavement can reach temperatures 40–50°F (22–28°C) hotter than the air temperature. On a 90°F (32°C) day, the ground can exceed 130°F (54°C), which is hot enough to cause second-degree burns in under 60 seconds.

Use the “five-second rule”: place the back of your hand on the pavement. If you can’t hold it there for five seconds, it’s too hot for your pet’s paws. Schedule walks for early morning or late evening when surfaces have cooled. Always carry water and a portable bowl, and consider using protective booties for dogs with sensitive paws or those walking on rough terrain.

4. Provide Constant Access to Fresh, Cool Water

Dehydration is a silent killer during heatwaves. Pets need more water than usual when temperatures rise. A general rule is that dogs require one ounce of water per pound of body weight daily, but this can double or triple in extreme heat. Cats, though often less inclined to drink, also need increased access to water to prevent urinary tract issues.

Place multiple water bowls in shaded, cool areas throughout your home and yard. Use ceramic or stainless steel bowls—they retain cooler temperatures better than plastic. Consider adding ice cubes to water bowls to keep them chilled longer. For outdoor pets, use automatic waterers with a reservoir to ensure continuous supply. Monitor water consumption; if your pet suddenly drinks significantly more or less than usual, consult a veterinarian.

5. Create Cool Resting Areas Indoors and Outdoors

Provide your pet with designated cool zones where they can retreat. Indoors, keep curtains or blinds closed during peak sunlight hours to block direct heat. Use fans to circulate air, but never point them directly at your pet for extended periods—this can cause respiratory irritation. Air conditioning is ideal, but if unavailable, place cooling mats or damp towels on the floor in quiet, low-traffic areas.

For outdoor pets, ensure shaded areas are abundant and well-ventilated. A tarp stretched over a kennel or a shaded doghouse with elevated flooring can provide relief. Avoid placing pet beds directly on hot ground; use wooden platforms or raised cots. For rabbits and guinea pigs, place frozen water bottles wrapped in towels near their enclosures—they’ll lie against them to cool down. Never use ice packs directly on the skin, as this can cause frostbite or shock.

6. Grooming and Coat Management

Many pet owners mistakenly believe that shaving their dog’s coat will keep them cooler. In reality, a pet’s fur acts as insulation against both heat and cold. Shaving can remove this protective layer, increasing the risk of sunburn and overheating. Instead, brush your pet daily to remove loose undercoat, especially for double-coated breeds like Huskies, Golden Retrievers, and German Shepherds. Use a deshedding tool to reduce thick undercoat buildup without cutting the topcoat.

For long-haired cats, consider a professional “lion cut” (shaving the body while leaving hair on the head, tail, and paws) during peak summer months—but only if your cat tolerates it and you can monitor for sun exposure. Never shave a pet down to the skin. Light-colored pets are especially prone to sunburn; apply pet-safe sunscreen to ears, nose, and belly if they spend time outdoors.

7. Limit Physical Activity and Monitor Energy Levels

Just as humans feel sluggish in extreme heat, so do pets. Avoid vigorous play, fetch, or training sessions during hot weather. If your pet is older, overweight, or has a pre-existing condition like heart disease or respiratory issues, they are at even greater risk. Reduce exercise intensity and duration. Allow frequent breaks in shaded areas with access to water.

Watch for signs of fatigue: lagging behind on walks, lying down frequently, or refusing to move. Never force a pet to continue activity if they seem overwhelmed. Heatstroke can develop rapidly, especially in high humidity, where panting becomes less effective at cooling the body.

8. Protect Pets from Sunburn and UV Exposure

While many assume only humans need sunscreen, pets with thin fur, light skin, or exposed areas (like the nose, ears, and belly) are susceptible to sunburn and even skin cancer. Breeds like Dalmatians, Boxers, and white cats are particularly vulnerable. Use a pet-safe sunscreen with zinc oxide-free formulas—human sunscreen can contain ingredients toxic if ingested. Apply every 4–6 hours if your pet is outdoors for extended periods.

For pets that spend time near windows, consider UV-blocking film for glass panes. Prolonged sun exposure through windows can cause solar dermatitis, especially in cats who sunbathe on sills. Provide alternatives like shaded window perches or indoor cat trees away from direct light.

9. Be Extra Cautious with Brachycephalic and Senior Pets

Brachycephalic breeds (flat-faced dogs and cats) have anatomical limitations that impair their ability to cool down. Their narrow nasal passages, elongated soft palates, and narrowed tracheas make panting inefficient. Even moderate temperatures can trigger respiratory distress. Avoid walks on hot days entirely. Keep them in climate-controlled environments. Use cooling vests designed for brachycephalic breeds to help regulate core temperature.

Senior pets have reduced thermoregulatory capacity. Their bodies don’t adapt to temperature changes as efficiently, and they may have underlying conditions like kidney disease or arthritis that worsen in heat. Monitor them closely for signs of discomfort, and ensure their bedding is cool and supportive. Consider using orthopedic cooling pads to relieve joint pain while keeping them comfortable.

10. Prepare for Power Outages

Heatwaves often coincide with power outages due to increased electricity demand. If your home loses air conditioning, you must act quickly. Have a backup plan: keep a supply of ice packs, frozen water bottles, and battery-operated fans. Store cool, damp towels in the freezer to drape over your pet’s body if needed. Move pets to the lowest level of your home—basements are naturally cooler. If possible, relocate temporarily to a friend’s or family member’s home with climate control.

For pet owners in areas prone to storms or heat-related blackouts, consider investing in a portable power station capable of running a small fan or cooling pad for several hours. Always keep a pet emergency kit stocked with water, food, medications, and cooling supplies.

Best Practices

1. Establish a Heat Safety Routine

Integrate heat safety into your daily pet care routine. Start each morning by checking the weather forecast and adjusting outdoor plans accordingly. Keep a log of your pet’s water intake, appetite, and behavior during heatwaves. This helps you detect subtle changes early. Create a checklist for summer preparedness: water bowls refilled, cooling mats in place, shaded areas cleared of debris, and emergency contacts saved in your phone.

2. Educate Everyone in the Household

Children, houseguests, and caregivers must understand the dangers of heat exposure. Teach them never to leave pets unattended in cars, to check for water availability, and to recognize signs of distress. Post a simple reminder near the front door: “Check the pet before leaving the house.” Consistency across all caregivers reduces the risk of accidental neglect.

3. Avoid Hot Surfaces and Toxic Substances

Beyond pavement, other surfaces can harm pets in heat. Grills, patio furniture, and metal surfaces can become scorching. Keep pets away from barbecues and outdoor cooking areas. Also, be aware of toxic plants that thrive in summer heat—such as lilies (deadly to cats), sago palms, and oleander. Keep them out of reach or remove them from your yard.

Additionally, avoid leaving out insect repellents, fertilizers, or pool chemicals. Pets may lick or ingest these substances while trying to cool off. Store all chemicals in sealed containers and out of paw’s reach.

4. Use Cooling Gear Strategically

Cooling vests, mats, and bandanas can be lifesavers—but only when used correctly. Choose products that activate with water, not electricity, for reliability during outages. Soak the vest in cool water, wring it out, and place it on your pet before going outside. These garments work through evaporative cooling and can lower core temperature by several degrees.

Never leave cooling gear on unattended pets. Prolonged use can cause chills or skin irritation. Remove it once your pet is indoors and cooled down. For cats, avoid restrictive gear; instead, offer cooling pads or tiled floors they can choose to lie on.

5. Monitor Humidity Levels

High humidity makes heat more dangerous. When moisture is thick in the air, panting becomes less effective because evaporation slows. A heat index of 90°F with 70% humidity is far more dangerous than 90°F with 30% humidity. Use a hygrometer to track indoor humidity. If levels exceed 60%, use a dehumidifier or open windows during cooler nights to reduce moisture buildup.

6. Never Assume Your Pet Is “Used to the Heat”

Just because your dog has lived in a warm climate for years doesn’t mean they’re immune to heatstroke. Animals can develop heat intolerance with age, illness, or weight gain. A previously healthy pet can succumb to heat stress in record-breaking temperatures. Always err on the side of caution.

7. Train for Emergency Response

Learn basic first aid for heatstroke. If your pet shows signs of overheating, move them to a cool area immediately. Wet their body with lukewarm (not ice-cold) water, focusing on the belly, armpits, and paws. Offer small sips of water if they’re conscious. Do not force water or immerse them in ice water—this can cause shock. Call a veterinarian immediately, even if your pet seems to recover. Internal damage may still be occurring.

Keep your vet’s after-hours contact information saved in your phone and on a printed card in your wallet. Know the location of the nearest 24-hour emergency animal hospital.

Tools and Resources

1. Recommended Cooling Products

• Cooling mats: K&H Pet Products Cool Bed III, Arf Pets Self-Cooling Mat
• Cooling vests: Hurtta Cooling Jacket, Ruffwear Swamp Cooler
• Portable water bowls: Outward Hound Granby Splash, PetSafe Drinkwell Pet Fountain
• Paw protection: Muttluks Dog Boots, Pawz Rubber Dog Boots
• Sunscreen: Epi-Pet Sun Protector Spray (FDA-approved for pets)
• Thermometers: iProven DMT-511 Infrared Thermometer (for non-contact temperature checks)

2. Mobile Apps for Heat Safety

• Weather Underground: Provides hyperlocal temperature and heat index data
• Pet First Aid by American Red Cross: Step-by-step guides for heatstroke and other emergencies
• ASPCA Animal Poison Control: Database of toxic plants, chemicals, and foods
• My Pet’s Weight: Tracks body condition and alerts you if your pet is gaining weight (a heat risk factor)

3. Educational Resources

• AVMA (American Veterinary Medical Association): Official guidelines on heat stress prevention
• ASPCA: Free downloadable pet heat safety checklist
• Humane Society of the United States: Public awareness campaigns on pet safety in extreme weather
• Books: “The Dog Owner’s Home Veterinary Handbook” by Dr. Gail C. Golab and Dr. Arthur H. Katcher

4. DIY Cooling Solutions

Not every solution needs to be purchased. Simple, low-cost methods include:

• Placing frozen water bottles in pet beds (wrapped in towels)
• Using a spray bottle with cool water to mist your pet’s coat
• Freezing treats made from broth and water in silicone molds
• Wetting a bandana and tying it loosely around your dog’s neck
• Creating a shaded play area with a pop-up canopy or old bedsheet

Real Examples

Case Study 1: The Overheated Bulldog in Phoenix

In July 2023, a 5-year-old English Bulldog named Winston was left in a parked car for 22 minutes while his owner ran into a convenience store. The outside temperature was 107°F (42°C). When the owner returned, Winston was unconscious, panting heavily, and had bright red gums. A bystander broke the window and called emergency services. Paramedics administered cool IV fluids and transported him to a veterinary clinic. Winston’s body temperature was 108.6°F (42.6°C)—a life-threatening level. He spent 48 hours under observation but fully recovered. The owner later installed a car alarm that alerts them if the interior temperature exceeds 85°F. Winston now walks only before sunrise and wears a cooling vest during short outings.

Case Study 2: The Indoor Cat with Sunburn

A 7-year-old white domestic shorthair named Luna spent her days sunbathing on a south-facing windowsill. Her owner didn’t realize the UV rays were penetrating the glass. After several weeks, Luna developed red, flaky skin on her ears and nose. A vet diagnosed solar dermatitis, an early sign of skin cancer. The owner installed UV-blocking film on the window and now uses a shaded cat tree indoors. Luna’s skin improved within three weeks, and she now prefers the cooler, shaded areas of the house.

Case Study 3: The Rabbit in a Heatwave

In 2022, a family in Southern California experienced a 12-day heatwave with temperatures above 110°F (43°C). Their two rabbits, kept in a backyard hutch, began showing signs of lethargy and labored breathing. The family had assumed the hutch’s shade was sufficient. After one rabbit collapsed, they rushed them to a vet. Both rabbits suffered mild heatstroke. The vet recommended moving them indoors to a basement with a fan and placing frozen water bottles in their enclosure. The family now keeps rabbits indoors during summer and uses a small air conditioner in their room. They also joined a local rabbit rescue group to learn more about heat-safe housing.

Case Study 4: The Senior Dog with Arthritis

At age 14, a Golden Retriever named Maggie had chronic arthritis and was less active. During a summer heatwave, her owner noticed she was refusing to eat and lying in unusual places—on tile floors instead of her bed. Maggie’s temperature was 104.5°F (40.3°C). She was diagnosed with heat exhaustion complicated by dehydration. After treatment, her owner installed a cooling pad on her bed, began offering chilled meals, and switched to morning walks only. Maggie regained her appetite and mobility. Her story highlights how aging pets need extra care in heat, even if they appear “used to it.”

FAQs

Can pets get sunburned?

Yes. Pets with light-colored fur, thin coats, or exposed skin (especially on ears, nose, and belly) are at risk. Use pet-safe sunscreen and limit direct sun exposure.

Is it safe to give my pet ice cubes or cold water?

Yes, in moderation. Ice cubes can be added to water bowls or given as treats. However, avoid dumping ice water over your pet’s body—it can cause shock. Lukewarm water is safer for cooling.

How long can a dog be outside in hot weather?

There’s no universal answer. On a 90°F day, 10–15 minutes of outdoor time is sufficient for most dogs. Always monitor behavior, provide shade and water, and avoid hot surfaces. Small, elderly, or brachycephalic dogs need even less exposure.

Do I need to adjust my pet’s diet in summer?

Some pets lose appetite in heat. Offer smaller, more frequent meals. Wet food has higher moisture content and can help with hydration. Avoid heavy, fatty foods that increase metabolic heat.

What should I do if my pet has heatstroke?

Move them to a cool area. Wet them with lukewarm water (not ice). Offer small sips of water. Do not force fluids. Call a vet immediately—even if they seem better. Internal damage can be delayed.

Can I use a fan to cool my pet?

Yes, but not directly on them for long periods. Fans help circulate air but don’t lower ambient temperature. Combine with damp towels or cooling mats for better results.

Are some pets more at risk than others?

Yes. Brachycephalic breeds, seniors, overweight pets, those with heart or respiratory conditions, and dark-coated animals absorb more heat. Kittens, puppies, and small mammals like rabbits are also vulnerable.

Should I shave my dog’s fur in summer?

Generally, no. A pet’s coat insulates against heat and protects from sunburn. Brush out loose undercoat instead. Only shave if medically advised.

Can I take my pet to the beach in summer?

Yes, but with precautions. Avoid midday sun, rinse saltwater off paws after swimming, provide shade and water, and never let them drink seawater. Watch for overheating and sunburn on sensitive skin.

How do I know if my pet is dehydrated?

Check for dry gums, sunken eyes, and poor skin elasticity. Gently pinch the skin on the back of the neck—if it doesn’t snap back quickly, your pet may be dehydrated. Offer water immediately and consult a vet if symptoms persist.

Conclusion

Keeping pets safe in heat is not optional—it’s a fundamental responsibility of pet ownership. As climate change intensifies, the frequency and severity of heat-related threats will only grow. The strategies outlined in this guide—from recognizing early signs of distress to creating cool, accessible environments—are not suggestions; they are survival tools. Every pet owner must treat extreme heat with the same seriousness as winter storms or natural disasters.

Prevention is always better than treatment. A few minutes of preparation—checking the weather, filling water bowls, adjusting walk times, and securing shaded areas—can save a life. Educate yourself, your family, and your community. Share this guide. Post reminders. Advocate for pet-friendly policies in public spaces.

Our pets depend on us completely. They cannot speak, and they often cannot escape. But with awareness, compassion, and action, we can ensure that the hottest days of the year are not their last. Protect them. Advocate for them. Love them—especially when the temperature rises.